Run levels

A run level is a state of init  and the whole system that defines what system services are operating. Run levels are identified by numbers, see table 7.1. There is no consensus of how to use the user defined run levels (2 through 5). Some system administrators use run levels to define which subsystems are working, e.g., whether X is running, whether the network is operational, and so on. Others have all subsystems always running or start and stop them individually, without changing run levels, since run levels are too coarse for controlling their systems. You need to decide for yourself, but it might be easiest to follow the way your Linux distribution does things.

  
Table 7.1: Run level numbers

Run levels are configured in /etc/inittab  by lines like the following:

l2:2:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 2

The command in the fourth field does all the hard work of setting up a run level. It starts services that aren't already running, and stops services that shouldn't be running in the new run level any more. Exactly what the command is, and how run levels are configured, depends on the Linux distribution.

When init  starts, it looks for a line in /etc/inittab  that specifies the default run level:

id:2:initdefault:

While the system is running, the telinit  command can change the run level. When the run level is changed, init  runs the relevant command from /etc/inittab .