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Mathematical Functions

XXXIII. Mathematical Functions

Introduction

These math functions will only handle values within the range of the long and double types on your computer. If you need to handle bigger numbers, take a look at the arbitrary precision math functions.

Math constants

The following values are defined as constants in PHP by the math extension:

Table 1. Math constants

ConstantValueDescription
M_PI3.14159265358979323846Der Wert π (Pi)
M_E2.7182818284590452354e
M_LOG2E1.4426950408889634074log_2 e
M_LOG10E0.43429448190325182765log_10 e
M_LN20.69314718055994530942log_e 2
M_LN102.30258509299404568402log_e 10
M_PI_21.57079632679489661923pi/2
M_PI_40.78539816339744830962pi/4
M_1_PI0.318309886183790671541/pi
M_2_PI0.636619772367581343082/pi
M_SQRTPI1.77245385090551602729sqrt(pi) [CVS]
M_2_SQRTPI1.128379167095512573902/sqrt(pi)
M_SQRT21.41421356237309504880sqrt(2)
M_SQRT31.73205080756887729352sqrt(3) [CVS]
M_SQRT1_20.707106781186547524401/sqrt(2)
M_LNPI1.14472988584940017414log_e(pi) [CVS]
M_EULER0.57721566490153286061Euler constant [CVS]
Only M_PI is available in PHP versions up to and including PHP4RC1. All other constants are available starting with PHP4.0. Constants labelled [CVS] only available in the CVS code for PHP4.

Table of Contents
abs — Absolute value
acos — Arc cosine
asin — Arc sine
atan — Arc tangent
atan2 — arc tangent of two variables
base_convert — Convert a number between arbitrary bases
bindec — Binary to decimal
ceil — Round fractions up
cos — Cosine
decbin — Decimal to binary
dechex — Decimal to hexadecimal
decoct — Decimal to octal
deg2rad — Converts the number in degrees to the radian equivalent
exp — e to the power of ...
floor — Round fractions down
getrandmax — Show largest possible random value
hexdec — Hexadecimal to decimal
log — Natural logarithm
log10 — Base-10 logarithm
max — Find highest value
min — Find lowest value
mt_rand — Generate a better random value
mt_srand — Seed the better random number generator
mt_getrandmax — Show largest possible random value
number_format — Format a number with grouped thousands
octdec — Octal to decimal
pi — Get value of pi
pow — Exponential expression
rad2deg — Converts the radian number to the equivalent number in degrees
rand — Generate a random value
round — Rounds a float
sin — Sine
sqrt — Square root
srand — Seed the random number generator
tan — Tangent


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