Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3
How Directory, Location and Files sections work
The sections <Directory>, <Location> and <Files> can contain
directives which only apply to specified directories, URLs or files
respectively. Also htaccess files can be used inside a directory to
apply directives to that directory. This document explains how these
different sections differ and how they relate to each other when
Apache decides which directives apply for a particular directory or
request URL.
Directives allowed in the sections
Everything that is syntactically allowed in
<Directory> is also allowed in
<Location> (except a sub-<Files>
section, but the code doesn't test for that, Lars has an open bug
report on that). Semantically however some things, and the most
notable is AllowOverride, make no sense in
<Location>. The same for
<Files> -- syntactically everything is fine, but
semantically some things are different.
How the sections are merged
The order of merging is:
-
<Directory> (except regular expressions) and
.htaccess done simultaneously (with .htaccess overriding
<Directory>)
-
<DirectoryMatch>, and
<Directory> with regular expressions
<Files> and <FilesMatch> done
simultaneously
<Location> and <LocationMatch> done
simultaneously
Apart from <Directory>, each group is processed in
the order that they appear in the configuration
files. <Directory> (group 1 above) is processed in
the order shortest directory component to longest. If multiple
<Directory> sections apply to the same directory
they they are processed in the configuration file order. The
configuration files are read in the order httpd.conf, srm.conf and
access.conf. Configurations included via the Include
directive will be treated as if they where inside the including file
at the location of the Include directive.
Sections inside <VirtualHost> sections are applied
after the corresponding sections outside the virtual host
definition. This allows virtual hosts to override the main server
configuration. (Note: this only works correctly from 1.2.2 and 1.3a2
onwards. Before those releases sections inside virtual hosts were
applied before the main server).
Notes about using sections
The general guidelines are:
-
If you are attempting to match objects at the filesystem level
then you must use
<Directory> and/or
<Files>.
-
If you are attempting to match objects at the URL level then you
must use
<Location>
But a notable exception is:
-
proxy control is done via
<Directory>. This is
a legacy mistake because the proxy existed prior to
<Location>. A future version of the config
language should probably switch this to
<Location>.
Note also that modifying .htaccess parsing during Location doesn't do
anything because .htaccess parsing has already occurred.
Another note:
-
There is actually a
<Location>/<LocationMatch>
sequence performed just before the name translation phase (where
Aliases and DocumentRoots are used to
map URLs to filenames). The results of this sequence are
completely thrown away after the translation has completed.
Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3
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