hpux 10.20 - restore (1)
NAME
restore, rrestore - restore file system incrementally, local or across
network
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/restore key [name ...]
/usr/sbin/rrestore key [name ...]
DESCRIPTION
The restore and rrestore commands read tapes previously dumped by the
dump or rdump command (see dump(1M) and rdump(1M)). Actions taken are
controlled by the key argument where key is a string of characters
containing not more than one function letter and possibly one or more
function modifiers. One or more name arguments, if present, are file
or directory names specifying the files that are to be restored.
Unless the h modifier is specified (see below), the appearance of a
directory name refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories of
that directory.
Function Portion of key
The function portion of the key is specified by one of the following
letters:
r Read the tape and load into the current directory. r
should be used only after careful consideration, and only
to restore a complete dump tape onto a clear file system,
or to restore an incremental dump tape after a full level
zero restore. Thus,
/usr/sbin/newfs -F hfs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0
/usr/sbin/mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0 /mnt
cd /mnt
restore r
is a typical sequence to restore a complete dump. Another
restore or rrestore can then be performed to restore an
incremental dump on top of this. Note that restore and
rrestore leave a file restoresymtab in the root directory
of the file system to pass information between incremental
restore passes. This file should be removed when the last
incremental tape has been restored. A dump or rdump
followed by a newfs and a restore or rrestore is used to
change the size of a file system (see newfs(1M)).
R restore and rrestore request a particular tape of a
multivolume set on which to restart a full restore (see r
above). This provides a means for interrupting and
restarting restore and rrestore.
x Extract the named files from the tape. If the named file
matches a directory whose contents had been written onto
the tape, and the h modifier is not specified, the
directory is recursively extracted. The owner,
modification time, and mode are restored (if possible). If
no file argument is given, the root directory is extracted,
which results in the entire contents of the tape being
extracted, unless h has been specified.
t Names of the specified files are listed if they occur on
the tape. If no file argument is given, the root directory
is listed, which results in the entire content of the tape
being listed, unless h has been specified.
s The next argument to restore is used as the dump file
number to recover. This is useful if there is more than
one dump file on a tape.
i This mode allows interactive restoration of files from a
dump tape. After reading in the directory information from
the tape, restore and rrestore provide a shell-like
interface that allows the user to move around the directory
tree selecting files to be extracted. The available
commands are given below; for those commands that require
an argument, the default is the current directory.
add [arg] The current directory or specified
argument is added to the list of files
to be extracted. If a directory is
specified, it and all its descendents
are added to the extraction list
(unless the h key is specified on the
command line). File names on the
extraction list are displayed with a
leading * when listed by ls.
cd [arg] Change the current working directory to
the specified argument.
delete [arg] The current directory or specified
argument is deleted from the list of
files to be extracted. If a directory
is specified, it and all its
descendents are deleted from the
extraction list (unless h is specified
on the command line). The most
expedient way to extract files from a
directory is to add the directory to
the extraction list, then delete
unnecessary files.
extract All files named on the extraction list
are extracted from the dump tape.
restore and rrestore ask which volume
the user wants to mount. The fastest
way to extract a few files is to start
with the last volume, then work toward
the first volume.
help List a summary of the available
commands.
ls [arg] List the current or specified
directory. Entries that are
directories are displayed with a
trailing /. Entries marked for
extraction are displayed with a leading
*. If the verbose key is set, the
inode number of each entry is also
listed.
pwd Print the full path name of the current
working directory.
quit restore and rrestore immediately exit,
even if the extraction list is not
empty.
set-modes Set the owner, modes, and times of all
directories that are added to the
extraction list. Nothing is extracted
from the tape. This setting is useful
for cleaning up after a restore aborts
prematurely.
verbose The sense of the v modifier is toggled.
When set, the verbose key causes the ls
command to list the inode numbers of
all entries. It also causes restore
and rrestore to print out information
about each file as it is extracted.
Function Modifiers
The following function modifier characters can be used in addition to
the letter that selects the function desired:
b Specify the block size of the tape in kilobytes. If the -b
option is not specified, restore and rrestore try to
determine the tape block size dynamically.
f Specify the name of the archive instead of /dev/rmt/0m. If
the name of the file is -, restore reads from standard
input. Thus, dump and restore can be used in a pipeline to
dump and restore a file system with the command
dump 0f - /usr | (cd /mnt; restore xf -)
When using rrestore, this key should be specified, and the
next argument supplied should be of the form
machine:device.
h Extract the actual directory, rather than the files to
which it refers. This prevents hierarchical restoration of
complete subtrees from the tape, rather than the files to
which it refers.
m Extract by inode numbers rather than by file name. This is
useful if only a few files are being extracted and one
wants to avoid regenerating the complete path name to the
file.
v Type the name of each file restore and rrestore treat,
preceded by its file type. Normally restore and rrestore
do their work silently; the v modifier specifies verbose
output.
y Do not ask whether to abort the operation if restore and
rrestore encounters a tape error. restore and rrestore
attempt to skip over the bad tape block(s) and continue.
rrestore creates a server, either /usr/sbin/rmt or /etc/rmt, on
the remote machine to access the tape device.
DIAGNOSTICS
restore and rrestore complain about bad key characters.
restore and rrestore complain if a read error is encountered. If the
y modifier has been specified, or the user responds y, restore and
rrestore attempt to continue the restore.
If the dump extends over more than one tape, restore and rrestore ask
the user to change tapes. If the x or i function has been specified,
restore and rrestore also ask which volume the user wants to mount.
The fastest way to extract a few files is to start with the last
volume and work towards the first volume.
There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by restore
and rrestore. Most checks are self-explanatory or can ``never
happen''. Here are some common errors:
filename: not found on tape
The specified file name was listed in the tape directory but
not found on the tape. This is caused by tape read errors
while looking for the file, and from using a dump tape
created on an active file system.
expected next file inumber, got inumber
A file not listed in the directory showed up. This can
occur when using a dump tape created on an active file
system.
Incremental tape too low
When doing an incremental restore, a tape that was written
before the previous incremental tape, or that has too low an
incremental level has been loaded.
Incremental tape too high
When doing an incremental restore, a tape that does not
begin its coverage where the previous incremental tape left
off, or that has too high an incremental level has been
loaded.
Tape read error while restoring filename
Tape read error while skipping over inode inumber
Tape read error while trying to resynchronize
A tape read error has occurred. If a file name is
specified, the contents of the restored files are probably
partially wrong. If restore is skipping an inode or is
trying to resynchronize the tape, no extracted files are
corrupted, although files may not be found on the tape.
Resync restore, skipped num blocks
After a tape read error, restore and rrestore may have to
resynchronize themselves. This message indicates the number
of blocks skipped over.
WARNINGS
restore and rrestore can get confused when doing incremental restores
from dump tapes that were made on active file systems.
A level zero dump (see dump(1M)) must be done after a full restore.
Since restore runs in user code, it has no control over inode
allocation; thus a full dump must be done to get a new set of
directories reflecting the new inode numbering, even though the
contents of the files are unchanged.
AUTHOR
restore and rrestore were developed by the University of California,
Berkeley.
FILES
/dev/rmt/0m Default tape drive.
/tmp/rstdr* File containing directories on the tape.
/tmp/rstmd* Owner, mode, and time stamps for directories.
./restoresymtab Information passed between incremental
restores.
SEE ALSO
dump(1M), mkfs(1M), mount(1M), newfs(1M), rmt(1M).